MIISAANKA MACDAALKA, MIISAANKA SHAAFIYAHA, IYO MIISAANKA QALABKA
Shaandhooyinka molecular-ka waa aluminosilicates bir ah oo crystalline ah oo leh shabakad saddex-geesood ah oo isku xiran oo silica iyo alumina tetrahedra ah. Biyaha dabiiciga ah ee fuuq-baxa ayaa laga saaraa shabakaddan iyadoo la kululeynayo si loo soo saaro godad isku mid ah oo si gaar ah u nuuga molecules-ka cabbir gaar ah leh.
Shaandho 4 ilaa 8-mesh ah ayaa caadi ahaan loo isticmaalaa codsiyada gaaska, halka nooca 8 ilaa 12-mesh uu caadi u yahay codsiyada dareeraha ah. Noocyada budada ee shaandhada 3A, 4A, 5A iyo 13X waxay ku habboon yihiin codsiyada gaarka ah.
Muddo dheer loo yaqaanay awooddooda qalajinta (xitaa ilaa 90 °C), shaandhada molecular-ka ayaa dhawaan muujiyay faa'iido ay u leeyihiin hababka dabiiciga ah ee synthetic organic-ga, iyagoo si joogto ah u oggolaanaya in alaabada la rabo laga sooco falcelinta uumiga ee ay xukumaan guud ahaan dheelitir la'aanta aan fiicnayn. Zeolites-yadan synthetic-ga ah ayaa la muujiyay inay ka saaraan biyaha, aalkolada (oo ay ku jiraan methanol iyo ethanol), iyo HCl nidaamyada sida ketimine iyo enamine syntheses, isku-darka ester-ka, iyo beddelka aldehydes-ka aan buuxin una beddelo polyenals.
| Nooca | 3A |
| Halabuurka | 0.6 K2O: 0.40 Na2O: 1 Al2O3: 2.0 ± 0.1SiO2: x H2O |
| Sharaxaad | Foomka 3A waxaa lagu sameeyaa iyadoo lagu beddelayo katamiinnada potassium-ka ee ayoonnada sodium-ka ee ku jira qaab-dhismeedka 4A, iyadoo la dhimayo cabbirka daloolka waxtarka leh ilaa ~3Å, marka laga reebo dhexroorka >3Å, tusaale ahaan, ethane. |
| Codsiyada Weyn | Fuuq-bax ganacsi oo ka yimaada durdurrada hydrocarbon-ka aan dheregsanayn, oo ay ku jiraan gaaska dillaacay, propylene, butadiene, acetylene; qalajinta dareeraha polar-ka sida methanol iyo ethanol. Dhejinta molecules-ka sida NH3 iyo H2O laga bilaabo socodka N2/H2. Waxaa loo arkaa wakiil qalajin guud oo ujeedo leh oo ku jira warbaahinta polar-ka iyo kuwa aan polar-ka ahayn. |
| Nooca | 4A |
| Halabuurka | 1 Na2O: 1 Al2O3: 2.0 ± 0.1 SiO2: x H2O |
| Sharaxaad | Qaabkan soodhiyamku wuxuu matalaa nooca A qoyska shaandhooyin molecular ah. Furitaanka daloolka wax ku oolka ah waa 4Å, sidaas darteed waxaa laga reebayaa molecules-ka dhexroorka wax ku oolka ah >4Å, tusaale ahaan, propane. |
| Codsiyada Weyn | Waxaa loo doorbidaa fuuq-baxa joogtada ah ee nidaamyada dareeraha ama gaaska xiran, tusaale ahaan, baakadaha daawooyinka, qaybaha korontada iyo kiimikooyinka burburaya; nadiifinta biyaha ee nidaamyada daabacaadda iyo balaastikada iyo qalajinta durdurrada hydrocarbon ee buuxa. Noocyada la nuugay waxaa ka mid ah SO2, CO2, H2S, C2H4, C2H6, iyo C3H6. Guud ahaan waxaa loo arkaa wakiil qalajin caalami ah oo ku jira warbaahinta cidhifka iyo kuwa aan cidhifka ahayn. |
| Nooca | 5A |
| Halabuurka | 0.80 CaO : 0.20 Na2O : 1 Al2O3: 2.0 ± 0.1 SiO2: x H2O |
| Sharaxaad | Aayooyinka kalsiyum ee kala duwan ee beddela kaatiinka soodhiyamku waxay bixiyaan daloolo ah ~5Å kuwaas oo ka saaraya molecules-ka dhexroorka waxtarka leh >5Å, tusaale ahaan, dhammaan giraangiraha 4-kaarboon, iyo isku-dhafka iso. |
| Codsiyada Weyn | Kala soocidda paraffin-ka caadiga ah ee silsiladaha laamiga ah iyo hydrocarbon-yada wareega; ka saarista H2S, CO2 iyo mercaptans gaaska dabiiciga ah. Molecules-ka lagu nuugay waxaa ka mid ah nC4H10, nC4H9OH, C3H8 ilaa C22H46, iyo dichlorodifluoro-methane (Freon 12®). |
| Nooca | 13X |
| Halabuurka | 1 Na2O: 1 Al2O3: 2.8 ± 0.2 SiO2 : xH2O |
| Sharaxaad | Qaabka soodhiyamku wuxuu matalaa qaab-dhismeedka aasaasiga ah ee qoyska nooca X, iyadoo leh dalool wax ku ool ah oo ku jira heerka 910¼. Tusaale ahaan, ma nuugi doono (C4F9)3N. |
| Codsiyada Weyn | Qallajinta gaaska ganacsiga, nadiifinta quudinta dhirta hawada (ka saarista H2O iyo CO2 isku mar) iyo macaanaynta hydrocarbon/gaaska dabiiciga ah (ka saarista H2S iyo mercaptan). |
Waqtiga boostada: Juun-16-2023
