XAALADAHA MACDAANKA AH, WAKIILADA shaandhaynta, iyo wakiilada qalajinta
Shaandhooyin molecular waa aluminosilicates bir crystalline leh shabakad iskuxiran oo saddex geesood ah oo silica iyo alumina tetrahedra ah. Biyaha dabiiciga ah ee fuuq-celinta ayaa laga saarayaa shabakaddan iyada oo kuleylaysa si ay u soo saaraan godadka isku midka ah kuwaas oo si xushmad leh u xajiya molecules cabbir gaar ah.
Shaandho 4 ilaa 8-mesh ah ayaa sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalaa codsiyada gaaska, halka nooca 8 ilaa 12-mesh uu ku badan yahay codsiyada dareeraha. Foomamka budada ah ee 3A, 4A, 5A iyo 13X shaandhada ayaa ku habboon codsiyada gaarka ah.
Waqti dheer oo lagu yaqaanay awoodooda qallajinta (xitaa ilaa 90 °C), shaandhada molecular ayaa dhawaan muujisay waxtarka hababka dabiiciga ah ee dabiiciga ah, oo si joogta ah u oggolaanaya ka soocida alaabada la rabo ee falcelinta uumiga ee ay maamusho guud ahaan sinnaanta aan fiicnayn. Zeolites-ka synthetic-ka ah ayaa la muujiyay inay ka saarayaan biyaha, alkolada (oo ay ku jiraan methanol iyo ethanol), iyo HCl hababkaas sida ketimine iyo enamine syntheses, condensations ester, iyo beddelidda aldehyde aan saturated polyenals.
| Nooca | 3A |
| Halabuurka | 0.6 K2O: 0.40 Na2O: 1 Al2O3: 2.0 ± 0.1SiO2: x H2O |
| Sharaxaada | Foomka 3A waxa la sameeyaa iyadoo lagu beddelayo cations potassium ion soodhiyam ee qaab-dhismeedka 4A, hoos u dhigista cabbirka daloolka waxtarka leh ilaa ~ 3Å, marka laga reebo dhexroor> 3Å, tusaale, ethane. |
| Codsiyada waaweyn | Fuuqbaxa ganacsiga ee durdurrada hydrocarbon ee aan dheregsanayn, oo ay ku jiraan gaaska dillaacsan, propylene, butadiene, acetylene; qalajinta dareeraha polar sida methanol iyo ethanol. Xoojinta molecules sida NH3 iyo H2O ee socodka N2/H2 Loo tixgeliyey wakiilka qalajinta ujeedo-guud ee warbaahinta polar iyo nonpolar. |
| Nooca | 4A |
| Halabuurka | 1 Na2O: 1 Al2O3: 2.0 ± 0.1 SiO2 : x H2O |
| Sharaxaada | Foomkan soodhiyamku waxa uu u taagan yahay nooca A qoyska ee shaandhada molecular. Daloollada waxtarka leh ee furitaanka waa 4Å, marka laga reebo molecules dhexroor wax ku ool ah> 4Å, tusaale, propane. |
| Codsiyada waaweyn | Loo door bidayay fuuqbaxa aan joogtada ahayn ee dareeraha ama gaaska xiran, tusaale ahaan, baakadaha dawooyinka, qaybaha korontada iyo kiimikooyinka burburay; Nadiifinta biyaha ee nidaamyada daabacaadda iyo balaastikada iyo qalajinta durdurrada hydrocarbon ee buuxa. Noocyada la sii daayay waxaa ka mid ah SO2, CO2, H2S, C2H4, C2H6, iyo C3H6. Guud ahaan loo tixgeliyo wakiilka qalajinta caalamiga ah ee warbaahinta polar iyo nonpolar. |
| Nooca | 5A |
| Halabuurka | 0.80 CaO: 0.20 Na2O: 1 Al2O3: 2.0 ± 0.1 SiO2: x H2O |
| Sharaxaada | Kala duwanaanshiyaha kaalshiyamka ion ee ku jira cations soodhiyamku waxay bixiyaan daloolo ~ 5Å kuwaas oo ka saaraya molecules dhexroor wax ku ool ah > 5Å, tusaale ahaan, dhammaan 4-garadaha kaarboon, iyo iso-compounds. |
| Codsiyada waaweyn | Kala soocida paraffins caadiga ah ee silsilad laamo ah iyo hydrocarbons wareeg ah; ka saarista H2S, CO2 iyo mercaptans gaaska dabiiciga ah. Molecules-ka la xayaysiiyay waxaa ka mid ah nC4H10, nC4H9OH, C3H8 ilaa C22H46, iyo dichlorodifluoro-methane (Freon 12®). |
| Nooca | 13X |
| Halabuurka | 1 Na2O: 1 Al2O3: 2.8 ± 0.2 SiO2 : xH2O |
| Sharaxaada | Foomka soodhiyamku waxa uu u taagan yahay qaab-dhismeedka aasaasiga ah ee qoyska nooca X, oo leh dalool wax ku ool ah oo ka furmay xadka 910¼. Ma adsorbdoono(C4F9)3N, tusaale ahaan. |
| Codsiyada waaweyn | Qalajinta gaaska ganacsiga, nadiifinta quudinta hawada (isku mar ka saarista H2O iyo CO2) iyo dareeraha hydrocarbon/ macaanaynta gaasta dabiiciga ah (H2S iyo saarista mercaptan). |
Waqtiga boostada: Juun-16-2023
