Horumarka joogtada ah ee awooda sifaynta caalamiga ah, heerarka badeecada saliida ee sii adkaynaya, iyo korodhka joogtada ah ee baahida alaabta ceeriin ee kiimikaad, isticmaalka kiciyayaasha sifaynta ayaa ku jiray isbedel joogto ah. Waxaa ka mid ah, kobaca ugu dhaqsaha badan waa wadamada cusub ee dhaqaalaha iyo wadamada soo koraya.
Sababtoo ah noocyada kala duwan ee alaabta ceeriin, alaabada iyo qaababka qalabka ee warshad kasta, isticmaalka kiciyayaal badan oo la beegsanayo si loo helo badeecada ugu fiican ama alaabta ceeriin ee kiimikaad ah, doorashada kiciyayaal leh la qabsi wanaagsan ama xulasho ayaa xalin kara dhibaatooyinka muhiimka ah ee warshado kala duwan iyo qalab kala duwan.
Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, Aasiya Pacific, Afrika iyo Bariga Dhexe, xaddiga isticmaalka iyo heerka kobaca ee dhammaan kicinta, oo ay ku jiraan sifaynta, polymerization, synthesis kiimikaad, iwm ayaa ka sarreeya gobollada horumaray ee Yurub iyo Mareykanka.
Mustaqbalka, balaadhinta hydrogenation gaaska ayaa noqon doonta tan ugu weyn, oo ay ku xigto hydrogenation distillate dhexe, FCC, isomerization, hydrocracking, hydrogenation naphtha, saliid culus (saliid haraaga) hydrogenation, alkylation (superposition), dib u habeyn, iwm, iyo u dhigma. Baahida kicinta ayaa sidoo kale u kordhin doonta si u dhiganta.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay wareegyada isticmaalka kala duwan ee soo-saareyaasha saliidda sifaynta kala duwan, qadarka saliidda sifaynta saliidda ma kordhin karto ballaarinta awoodda. Marka loo eego tirakoobyada iibka suuqa, iibka ugu badan ayaa ah kicinta hydrogenation (hydrotreating iyo hydrocracking, xisaabinta 46% wadarta guud), oo ay ku xigto kicinta FCC (40%), oo ay ku xigto dib-u-habaynta kicinta (8%), kicinta alkylation (5%) iyo kuwo kale (1%).
Waa kuwan sifooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee kicinta ee shirkado badan oo caalami ah oo caan ah:
10 shirkadood oo caalami ah oo caan ah
1. Grace Davison, USA
Shirkadda Grace waxaa la aasaasay 1854 waxayna xarunteedu tahay Columbia, Maryland. Grace Davidson waa hogaamiyaha aduunka ee cilmi baarista iyo wax soo saarka ee FCC katalisyada iyo waa sahayda ugu weyn adduunka ee FCC iyo kicinta hydrogenation.
Shirkaddu waxay leedahay laba qaybood oo ganacsi oo caalami ah, Grace Davison iyo Grace Specialty Chemicals, iyo siddeed qaybood oo alaab ah. Ganacsiga Grace Davidson waxaa ka mid ah kicinta FCC, biyo-daweynta biyaha-dhaqdhaqaaqa, kiciyayaasha takhasuska leh oo ay ku jiraan kicinta polyolefin-ka iyo sidayaal-kiciya, iyo agabka silikoon-ku-saleysan ama silical-aluminium-ku-saleysan ee dahaarka warbaahinta dhijitaalka ah ee warshadaha, macaamiisha, iyo waraaqaha daabacaadda khadadka. Ganacsiga biyo-daweynta biyaha waxaa maamusha ART, oo ah shirkad wadaag ah.
2, Kooxda Albemarle American Specialty Chemicals (ALbemarle) Group
Sannadkii 1887-kii, Shirkadda Arbel Paper waxaa lagu aasaasay Richmond, Virginia.
Sannadkii 2004tii, Akzo-Nobel Oil sifaynta kicinta ayaa la helay ganacsi, si rasmi ah u galay beerta sifaynta saliidda, oo la sameeyey qaybta ganacsiga kicinta leh polyolefin kicinta; Noqo soo saaraha labaad ee FCC ee ugu weyn adduunka.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxay leedahay in ka badan 20 dhirta wax soo saarka ee Waqooyiga Ameerika, Yurub, Bariga Dhexe, Koonfurta Ameerika, Japan iyo Shiinaha.
Arpels waxay leedahay 8 xarumood oo R&D ah oo ku yaal 5 wadan iyo xafiisyo iib oo ku yaal in kabadan 40 wadan. Waa soo saaraha ugu weyn adduunka ee dib-u-celinta ololka, daboolaya isticmaalka maalinlaha ah, elektiroonigga, daawooyinka, wax soo saarka beeraha, warshadaha baabuurta, dhismaha iyo alaabta baakadaha.
Ganacsiga ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah waxyaabaha lagu daro polymer, kicinta iyo kimistariga wanaagsan saddex qaybood.
Waxaa jira afar nooc oo waaweyn oo lagu daro polymer: Dab-demiska, antioxidants, wakiilada daaweynta iyo xasiliyayaasha;
Ganacsiga kicinta wuxuu leeyahay saddex qaybood: kicinta nadiifinta, kicinta polyolefin, kicinta kiimikada;
Kiimikooyinka Wanaagsan Halabuurka Ganacsiga: kiimikooyinka shaqeynaya (rinnjiyeynta, aluminium), kiimikooyinka wanaagsan (kiimikooyinka bromine, kiimikooyinka saliidda) iyo dhexdhexaadiyeyaasha (farmaceuticals, sunta cayayaanka).
Saddexda qaybood ee ganacsiga ee shirkadda Alpels, dakhliga iibka sannadlaha ah ee polymer-ka ayaa ahaan jiray kan ugu weyn, oo ay ku xigto kicinta, iyo dakhliga iibka ee kiimikooyinka wanaagsan ayaa ahaa kii ugu yaraa, laakiin labadii sano ee la soo dhaafay, dakhliga iibka sanadlaha ah ee kicinta. ganacsigu si tartiib tartiib ah ayuu u kordhay, ilaa 2008-dii, waxa uu dhaafey ganacsiga wax lagu daro polymer.
Ganacsiga Catalyst waa qaybta ganacsiga ugu weyn ee Arpell. Arpels waa alaab-qeybiyeyaasha labaad ee ugu weyn adduunka ee biyo-daweynta (30% saamiga suuqa caalamiga ah) iyo mid ka mid ah saddexda ugu sarreeya alaab-qeybiyeyaasha kicinta kicinta ee adduunka.
3. Dow Kiimikada
Dow Chemical waa shirkad kiimiko oo kala duwan oo xarunteedu tahay Michigan, USA, oo la aasaasay 1897 Herbert Henry Dow. Waxay ka shaqeysaa 214 saldhig oo wax soo saar ah oo ku yaal 37 waddan, oo leh in ka badan 5,000 oo nooc oo badeecooyin ah, oo si ballaaran looga isticmaalo in ka badan 10 goobood sida baabuurta, qalabka dhismaha, korontada, iyo daawada. 2009, Dow wuxuu galay 127th ee Fortune Global 500 iyo 34th ee Fortune National 500. Marka la eego wadarta hantida, waa shirkadda labaad ee ugu weyn ee kiimikada adduunka, labaad ee DuPont Chemical ee Maraykanka; Marka la eego dakhliga sannadlaha ah, sidoo kale waa shirkadda labaad ee ugu weyn adduunka ee kiimikada, marka laga reebo BASF ee Jarmalka; In ka badan 46,000 oo shaqaale adduunka oo dhan ah; Waxay u qaybsantaa 7 qaybood oo ganacsi oo ah nooca alaabta: Balaastig shaqeynaya, Kiimikooyin shaqeynaya, Sayniska Beeraha, Caagagga, Kiimikada aasaasiga ah, Hydrocarbons iyo Energy, Venture Capital. Ganacsiga Catalysts waa qayb ka mid ah qaybta Kiimikada Functional.
Daroogayaasha Dow waxaa ka mid ah: NORMAX™ kaarboonyl synthesis kicinta; METEOR™ kicinta ethylene oxide/ethylene glycol; SHAC™ iyo SHAC™ ADT polypropylene kicinta; DOWEX™ QCAT™ bisphenol Wax kiciye ah; Waa hormuudka wax soo saarka adduunka ee kicinta polypropylene.
4. ExxonMobil
Exxonmobil waa shirkadda ugu weyn ee shidaalka, xarunteeduna tahay Texas, USA. Shirkadda, oo hore loo odhan jiray Exxon Corporation iyo Mobil Corporation, ayaa la midoobay oo dib loo habeeyey 30kii Noofambar 1999. Shirkaddu sidoo kale waa shirkadda waalidka ee ExxonMobil, Mobil iyo Esso adduunka oo dhan.
Waxaa la aasaasay 1882, Exxon waa shirkadda ugu weyn ee saliidda ee Maraykanka, waana mid ka mid ah toddobada shirkadood ee ugu waaweyn uguna da'da weyn ee saliidda adduunka. Waxaa la aasaasay 1882, Mobil Corporation waa shirkad caalami ah oo dhameystiran oo isku xirta sahaminta iyo horumarinta, sifeynta iyo warshadaha kiimikada.
Exxon iyo Mobil waxay leeyihiin xarun sare oo ku taal Houston, xarun hoose oo ku taal Fairfax, iyo xarumaha shirkadaha ee Irving, Texas. Exxon waxay leedahay 70% shirkadda, Mobilna waxay leedahay 30%. Exxonmobil, iyada oo adeegsanaysa la-hawlgalayaasheeda, waxa ay hadda ka shaqeysaa ku dhawaad 200 oo waddan iyo dhulal oo adduunka ah waxaana ka shaqeeya in ka badan 80,000 oo qof.
Waxyaabaha ugu muhiimsan ee Exxonmobil waxaa ka mid ah saliidda iyo gaaska, alaabta saliidda iyo alaabada petrochemical, waa wax soo saarka olefins monomer iyo polyolefin, oo ay ku jiraan ethylene, propylene, polyethylene, polypropylene; Ganacsiga kicinta waxaa iska leh ExxonMobil Chemical. Kiimikada Exxonmobil waxay u qaybsantaa afar qaybood oo ganacsi: polymers, filimaanta polymer, alaabta kiimikada iyo tignoolajiyada, iyo kicinta waxay ka tirsan yihiin qaybta tignoolajiyada.
UNIVATION, oo ah 50-50 wadajir ah oo u dhexeeya ExxonMobil iyo Shirkadda Dow Chemical Company, ayaa leh tignoolajiyada wax soo saarka ee UNIPOL ™ iyo UCAT ™ iyo XCAT ™ ee summadaha polyolefin-ka.
5. Shirkadda UOP Global Oil Products
Waxaa la aasaasay 1914 oo xarunteedu tahay Desprine, Illinois, Global Oil Products waa shirkad caalami ah. Noofambar 30, 2005, UOP waxa ay noqotay kabista la wada leeyahay ee Honeywell iyada oo qayb ka ah ganacsiga istiraatijiyadeed ee agabka gaarka ah ee Honeywell.
UOP waxay ka shaqeysaa sideed qaybood: tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo iyo Kiimikada, adsorbents, alaabada khaaska ah iyo kuwa gaarka ah, sifaynta batroolka, Aromatics and derivatives, linear alkyl benzene iyo olefins horumarsan, olefins Light iyo qalabka, farsamaynta gaaska dabiiciga ah, iyo adeegyada.
UOP waxay bixisaa nakhshad, injineernimo, adeegyo la-talin, shati iyo adeegyo, tignoolajiyada habka iyo soosaarka kicinta, shaandhada molecular, adsorbents iyo qalab gaar ah oo loogu talagalay warshadaha sifaynta batroolka, kiimikooyinka batroolka iyo warshadaha gaaska dabiiciga ah, oo leh 65 shati tignoolajiyadeed oo la heli karo.
UOP waa alaab-qeybiyaha zeolite-ka ugu weyn adduunka iyo aluminium fosfatetada zeolite-ka oo leh in ka badan 150 badeecooyin zeolite ah oo loogu talagalay dewatering, ka saarista wasakhda raadadka iyo kala soocidda alaabta gaaska sifaynta iyo walxaha dareeraha ah. Awoodda wax-soo-saarka shaandhada molecular ee sannadlaha ah waxay gaartaa 70,000 tan. Dhinaca xayeysiinta shaandhada molecular, UOP waxay haysataa 70% saamiga suuqa adduunka.
UOP sidoo kale waa soo saaraha ugu weyn adduunka ee alumina, oo leh alaabooyin ay ka mid yihiin pseudo-alumina, beta-alumina, gamma-alumina iyo α-alumina, oo bixisa alumina firfircoon iyo aluminium / silica-aluminium aluminium.
UOP waxay haysataa in ka badan 9,000 oo shatiyo adduunka oo dhan ah waxayna ka dhistay ku dhawaad 4,000 oo qalab iyadoo adeegsanaysa shatiyada in ka badan 80 waddan. Boqolkiiba lixdan batroolka adduunka waxa lagu soo saaraa tignoolajiyada UOP. Ku dhawaad kala badh saabuunta wax-soo-saarka noolaha ee adduunka waxaa lagu soo saaraa tignoolajiyada UOP. 36 ka mid ah hababka sifaynta waaweyn ee hadda lagu isticmaalo warshadaha saliida, 31 ka mid ah waxaa soo saaray UOP. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, UOP waxay soo saartaa qiyaastii 100 qalab kala duwan iyo alaabooyin xayeysiis ah oo loogu talagalay teknoolajiyada shatiga leh iyo shirkadaha kale, kuwaas oo loo isticmaalo beeraha sifaynta sida dib-u-habaynta, isomerization, hydrocracking, hydrofining iyo desulphurization oxidative, iyo sidoo kale beeraha petrochemical oo ay ku jiraan soo saarista aromatics (benzene, toluene iyo xylene), propylene, butene, ethylbenzene, styrene, isopropylbenzene iyo cyclohexane.
UOP-ga ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah: kicinta dib-u-habaynta catalytic, C4 isomerization catalyst, C5 iyo C6 isomerization catalyst, xylene isomerization catalyst, hydrocracking catalyst wuxuu leeyahay laba nooc oo ah hydrocracking iyo mid khafiif ah, biyo-dareeyn, wakiilka saliidda, soo kabashada baaruudda, beddelka gaaska dabada iyo kuwa kale ee saliidda. sifaynta adsorbents.
6, ART American shirkad tignoolajiyada sifaynta horumarsan
Tiknoolajiyada Sifaynta Sare waxaa la sameeyay 2001 iyada oo ah 50-50 ganacsi wadaag ah oo u dhexeeya Alaabooyinka Saliidda ee Chevron iyo Grace-Davidson. ART waxaa loo asaasay in lagu dhex daro awoodaha tignoolajiyada ee Grace iyo Chevron si ay u horumariyaan oo ay u iibiyaan kaaliyayaasha hydrogenation-ka warshadaha sifaynta caalamiga ah, waana soo saaraha soo saaraha hydrogenation-ka ugu wayn adduunka, kaas oo bixisa in ka badan 50% kaaliyayaasha hydrogenation-ka adduunka.
ART waxay ku xidhaa alaabteeda iyo adeegyadeeda iyada oo loo sii marayo waaxaha iibka iyo xafiisyada Grace Corporation iyo Chevron Corporation aduunka oo dhan.
ART waxa ay leedahay afar warshadood oo wax soo saar ah iyo hal xarun cilmi baadhiseed. ART waxay soo saartaa wax-qabadyada biyo-raadinta, biyo-raadinta khafiifka ah, dewaxing isomerization, dib-u-habaynta isomerization iyo hydrofining.
Waxyaalaha ugu muhiimsan waxaa ka mid ah Isocracking® isomerization, Isofinishing® isomerization, hydrocracking, hydrocracking khafiif ah, hydrofining, hydrotreating, hydrotreating.
7. Univation Inc
Univation, oo la asaasay 1997 oo xarunteedu tahay Houston, Texas, waa 50:50 iskaashi wada jir ah oo u dhexeeya Shirkadda Kiimikada ExxonMobil iyo Shirkadda Kiimikada Dow.
Univation waxay ku takhasustay wareejinta UNIPOL™ teknooloojiyada polyetylenka qiiqa leh iyo kicinta, waana hormuudka shati bixiye tignoolajiyada adduunka iyo alaab-qeybiyaha caalamiga ah ee warshadaha polyetylenka. Waa warshadda labaad ee ugu weyn adduunka iyo soo-saareyaasha soo-saareyaasha polyetylen-ka, oo xisaabiya 30% suuqyada adduunka. Kaaliyeyaasha shirkadda waxaa lagu soo saaray Mont Belvieu, Seadrift iyo Freeport tas-hiilaadkeeda Texas.
Habka wax soo saarka ee polyetylenka ee Univation, oo loo yaqaan UNIPOL™, ayaa hadda leh in ka badan 100 xadhkaha wax soo saarka ee polyetylen ah oo shaqeynaya ama ku socda dhismaha iyada oo la adeegsanayo UNIPOL™ ee 25 waddan, oo ka dhigan in ka badan 25% wadarta guud ee adduunka.
Kiciyayaasha ugu waaweyn waa: 1) UCAT™ chromium katalyst iyo katalistaha Ziegler-Natta; 2) XCAT™ metallocene kicinta, magaca ganacsiga EXXPOL; 3)PRODIGY™ Bimodal Catalyst; 4) UT™ dhego-toosiye.
8. BASF
Xarunteedu tahay magaalada Munich ee dalka Jarmalka, BASF waa mid ka mid ah shirkadaha kiimikada isku dhafan ee ugu wayn aduunka oo leh in ka badan 8,000 oo badeecooyin ah, oo ay ku jiraan kiimikooyin qiimo sare leh, baco, midabyo, dahaarka baabuurta, wakiilada ilaalinta dhirta, dawooyinka, kiimikooyinka ganaaxa, saliida iyo gaasta.
Basf waa soo saaraha ugu weyn adduunka ee maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, aniline, caprolactam iyo styrene xumbo leh. Polypropylene, polystyrene, aalkolada hydroxyl iyo alaabooyin kale ayaa kaalinta labaad ka galay adduunka; Ethylbenzene, awoodda wax soo saarka styrene ayaa ku jirta kaalinta saddexaad ee adduunka. Basf waa mid ka mid ah alaab-qeybiyeyaasha ugu weyn adduunka ee wax lagu daro quudinta, oo ay ku jiraan mono-vitamins, multivitamins, carotenoids, lysines, enzymes iyo quudinta ilaalinta.
Basf waxay leedahay lix qaybood oo ganacsi oo kala duwan: Kiimikada, Caagadaha, Xallinta Waxqabadka, Alaabada Waxqabadka, Agrochemicals iyo Saliida & Gaaska.
Basf waa shirkadda kaliya ee adduunka ka jirta oo daboola dhammaan ganacsiga kicinta, oo leh in ka badan 200 oo nooc oo kicin ah. Waxa inta badan ka mid ah: kicinta saliida sifaysa (FCC katalyst), kataystaha baabuurta, kicinta kiimikaad (catalyst chromium naxaasta iyo ruthenium katalyst, iwm.), kicinta ilaalinta deegaanka, kicinta fuuq-baxa oksaydhka iyo kicinta nadiifinta fuuq-baxa.
Basf waa soo saaraha labaad ee adduunka ugu weyn ee kicinta FCC, oo leh ku dhawaad 12% saamiga suuqa adduunka ee sifaynta kicinta.
9. BP British Oil Company
BP waa mid ka mid ah shirkadaha saliida ee caalamiga ah ee isku dhafan ee kor iyo hoosba ugu weyn, xarunteeduna tahay London, UK; Ganacsiga shirkadu waxa uu daboolayaa in ka badan 100 waddan iyo gobollo, oo ay ku jiraan sahaminta saliidda iyo gaaska iyo soo saarista, sifaynta iyo suuqgeynta, tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo saddex qaybood oo waaweyn; BP waxay u qaybsantaa saddex qaybood oo ganacsi: Sahaminta Saliidda iyo Gaaska iyo Soo saarista, Sifaynta iyo Suuqgeynta, iyo ganacsiyo kale (tamar la cusboonaysiin karo iyo badda). Ganacsiga kicinta ee BP waa qayb ka mid ah Qaybta Sifaynta iyo Suuqgeynta.
Alaabooyinka batroolka waxaa ka mid ah laba qaybood, qaybta koowaad waa alaabooyin udgoon iyo asiidh taxane ah, oo ay ku jiraan PTA, PX iyo acetic acid; Qaybta labaad waa olefins iyo waxyaabaha ka soo saara, oo ay ku jiraan ethylene, propylene iyo alaabta ka soo baxda biyaha hoose. BP's PTA (waxyaabaha ugu muhiimsan ee wax soo saarka polyesterka), PX (waxyaabaha ugu muhiimsan ee wax soo saarka PTA) iyo awoodda wax soo saarka acetic acid ayaa ugu horreeya adduunka. BP waxay soo saartey tignoolajiyad gaar ah oo loogu talagalay wax soo saarka PX oo ku salaysan kicinta isomerization ee ay iska leedahay iyo tignoolajiyada wax-ku-oolnimada leh. BP waxay leedahay tignoolajiyada hormuudka u ah soosaarka Cativa® acetic acid.
Ganacsiga olefins iyo derivatives ee BP wuxuu ku yaalaa Shiinaha iyo Malaysia.
10, Sud-Chemie German Southern Company Company
Waxaa la aasaasay 1857, Shirkadda Kiimikada Koonfurta waa shirkad kiimiko ah oo takhasus leh oo caalami ah oo aad u cusub oo leh in ka badan 150 sano oo taariikh ah, xarunteeduna tahay Munich, Jarmalka.
Nanfang Chemical Company si toos ah ama si dadban u leedahay wadarta guud ee 77 shirkadaha hoosaadka, oo ay ku jiraan 5 shirkadaha gudaha ee Germany, 72 shirkadaha ajnabiga ah, siday u kala horreeyaan ka tirsan adsorbent iyo kicinta laba qaybood, ee petrochemical ah, diyaarinta cuntada, alaabta macaamiisha, tuurista, daaweynta biyaha, ilaalinta deegaanka iyo warshadaha kale si ay u bixiyaan wax-qabad sare leh, adsorbent iyo alaabta lagu daro iyo xalalka.
Ganacsiga kicinta ee Shirkadda Kiimikada Nanfang waxaa iska leh Qaybta kicinta. Qaybtu waxay ka kooban tahay Tignoolajiyada Catalyst, Tamarta iyo Deegaanka.
Qaybta Tignoolajiyada Catalyst waxay u qaybsantaa afar kooxood oo ganacsi oo caalami ah: kicinta falcelinta kiimikaad, kicinta kiimikaad, kicinta saliida sifaysa iyo kicinta polymerization.
Noocyada kiciya ee Nanfang Kiimikada inta badan waxaa ka mid ah: kicinta nadiifinta alaabta ceeriin, petrokiimikaad kiimikaad, kiimikaad kiimikaad, kicinta saliida sifaysa, kicinta polymerization olefin, kiciya nadiifinta hawada, kicinta unugyada shidaalka.
Xusuusin: Hadda, Shirkadda Kiimikada Koonfurta (SUD-Chemie) waxaa la wareegay Clariant!
Waqtiga boostada: Agoosto-17-2023
