Sababaha shaandhaynta molecular ee firfircoonida nidaamka nadiifinta unugga kala soocida hawada

1, Saamaynta ka kooban biyaha xad-dhaafka ah ee hawlaha shaandho molecular
Shaqada ugu weyn ee nadiifiyaha unugga kala-soocida hawada waa in laga saaro qoyaanka iyo kaarboonka hawada ka soo baxa si loo bixiyo hawo qalalan nidaamyada xiga. Qaab dhismeedka qalabku waa qaab sariirta sariirta jiifta ah, dhererka buuxinta alumina ee firfircoon ee hoose waa 590 mm, 13X sare ee shaandhada shaandhada molecular waa 962 mm, labada nadiifiye ayaa isu beddelaya midba midka kale. Waxaa ka mid ah, alumina firfircoon inta badan waxay soo saartaa biyaha hawada hawada, iyo shaandho molecular waxay isticmaashaa mabda'a adsorption-ka molecular si ay u xajiso hydrocarbons. Iyada oo ku saleysan halabuurka walxaha iyo sifooyinka xayeysiiska ee shaandhada molecular, amarka xayeysiinta waa: H2O> H2S> NH3> SO2> CO2 (habka adsorption ee gaaska alkaline). H2O> C3H6> C2H2> C2H4, CO2, C3H8> C2H6> CH4(habka adsorption of hydrocarbons). Waxaa la arki karaa in ay leedahay waxqabadka adsorption ee ugu xoogan ee unugyada biyaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, nuxurka biyaha ee shaandho molecular aad bay u sarraysaa, biyaha xorta ah waxay samayn doonaan biyo ka samaysan shaandho molecular. Heerkulka (220 °C) oo ay bixiso 2.5MPa uumiga loo isticmaalo dib-u-soo-noolaynta heerkulka sare weli kama saari karo qaybtan biyaha crystal, iyo xajmiga daloolka shaandhada molecular waxaa ku jira molecules water crystals, sidaas darteed ma sii wadi karto in ay ku dhejiso hydrocarbons. Natiijo ahaan, shaandhada molecular waa la demi, nolosha adeegga waa la yareeyaa, iyo molecules biyuhu waxay galaan saxanka cadaadiska hooseeya ee kuleyliyaha nidaamka hagaajinta, taasoo keenaysa kanaalka qulqulka kulaylka si uu u qaboojiyo oo xannibo, saameynaya kanaalka socodka hawada. iyo saamaynta kulaylka wareejinta kulaylka, iyo xaaladaha halista ah, qalabku si caadi ah uma shaqayn karo.
2. Saamaynta H2S iyo SO2 ee hawsha shaandhada molecular
Sababo la xiriira xayeysiinta xulashada ee shaandhada molecular, marka lagu daro xayeysiiskeeda sare ee molecules biyaha, isku xirnaanta H2S iyo SO2 waxay sidoo kale ka fiican tahay waxqabadka xayeysiinta ee CO2. H2S iyo SO2 waxay ku jiraan dusha firfircoon ee shaandhada molecular, iyo qaybaha acidic waxay ka falceliyaan shaandhada molecular, taas oo keeni doonta in shaandhada molecular ay sumoobaan oo ay demiso, awoodda xajinta ee shaandhada molecular way yaraan doontaa. Nolosha adeegga ee shaandhada molecular waa la soo koobay.
Marka la soo koobo, qoyaanka xad-dhaafka ah ee qoyaanka, H2S iyo gaaska SO2 ee ku jira hawada bannaanka ah ee munaaradda qaboojinta hawada kala soocida ayaa ah sababta ugu weyn ee firfircoonida shaandhada molecular iyo gaabin nolosha adeegga. Iyada oo la adeegsanayo xakamaynta adag ee tilmaamayaasha habka, ku darida falanqeeyaha qoyaanka saafiga ah, xulashada macquulka ah ee noocyada fungicides, qiyaasta wakhtiga saxda ah ee fungicides, munaaradda qaboojinta biyaha si loogu daro biyaha ceeriin, falanqaynta muunad joogto ah ee daadinta kulaylka iyo tallaabooyin kale, badbaadada iyo xasilloonida Hawlgalka nadiifiyaha ayaa ciyaari kara ogaanshaha waqtiga, digniinta wakhtiga, ujeedooyinka hagaajinta wakhtiga, ilaa xad weyn si loo hubiyo isticmaalka waxtarka shaandhada molecular.